汉代儒家的民族观——以贾谊、董仲舒、何休为中心

贾谊民族思想最突出的一点,是强烈的"尊王攘夷"意识。他提出的"三表"、"五饵"之术,是儒家传统的"修文德"、"来远人"、"怀柔"四夷的民族思想的应用,但其中也参杂了法家"术"的成分;董仲舒继承了汉初以来的"和亲"思想,并从大一统思想出发,提出"王者爱及四夷"的主张,但这并不等于各民族完全平等,华夷仍有亲疏贵贱之分,这是与他的阴阳五行说相辅相成的;何休主张的"夷狄进至于爵",其前提实际上就是"用夏变夷"。

The Confucian Attitudes Towards Nationalities in the Han Dynasty: Centered on JIA Yi, DONG ZHong-shu and HE Xiu

JIA Yi 's most prominent national thought was his strong awareness of "honoring the king and resisting the barbarians".His proposals of "three letters" and "five baits" were application of the traditional Confucian national thoughts of "cultivating civilized morals ","attracting remote peoples " and "appeasing the four barbarians",but they also included some Legalists' contents of "tactics".Inheriting the thought of "marring imperial daughters to the rulers of barbarians" since the early Han Dynasty and starting from his unification position,DONG Zhong-shu proposed to "spread imperial benevolence to the four barbarians",which,however,did not mean any full equality between all nationalities.There were still distinctions on relations and status between the Chinese and the barbarians,which harmonized with his thought of yin and yang.The premise of HE Xiu's proposal of "awarding the nobility ranks to the barbarians" was in fact to "assimilate the barbarians into the Chinese civilization".