中国国家公园保护制度体系构建研究

在研究国家公园体制顶层设计文件的基础上,借鉴国外国家公园保护管理制度经验,结合我国国家公园保护的实际需要和发展阶段,提出建立以统一分级管理、国家评估设立、自然资源资产管理、严格生态保护、资源利用监管、社区共建共管、全民参与共享、资金投入保障等8个关键制度为核心的中国国家公园保护制度体系框架。经梳理国内研究进展和10个国家公园体制试点试验成果,初步明确各项制度的基本要点和关键任务,分析目前我国国家公园建设过程中所面临的主要挑战,提出还需深入研究的问题和相应建议,为构建具有中国特色的国家公园体制奠定基础。

Research on the Establishment of National Parks Protection System in China

In this paper we survey and analyze the documents issued by the central government for the establishment of national parks management system. Taking reference from national parks protection,establishment and management experiences in foreign countries and combining with the actual needs of ecological protection and the current stage of social and economic development in China, we summarize and propose the protection system of national parks which includes eight key mechanisms, such as building a unified hierarchical management system, drawing a national development plan with national parks establishment evaluation criteria, innovating the property rights management system related to the assets of natural resources, improving the legal framework of ecological protection system, creating the management system for the utilization of natural resources, establishing the co-construction and comanagement mechanism with local communities, exploring the participation and sharing mechanism for all people, and establishing funding channels and funding guarantee mechanism. Based on the review of the progress of domestic research and the results of the exploration and practice of 10 piloting national park systems, this paper defines the key points and tasks of these systems, analyzes the main challenges at present, and puts forward suggestions for promoting and improving these systems, which will lay a foundation for the establishment of national parks system with Chinese characteristics.