从生态个体维度解析道德效用的伦理思想

从生态个体的维度探究道德效用,旨在确认道德对个体生存、自由与幸福的效用,引导行为主体自发地进行道德实践。首先基于道德效用相关概念的微观分析,道德效用包含着道德行为使受益者受益的思想内涵。其次从生存、自由与幸福这三个生态个体逐步递进的追求展开对道德效用的探微,具体表现为道德效用是利他的,意味着道德主体的行为使他人成为获益者,随着道德效用在时间与空间层面的推演发展,回馈效应又会使道德主体自身受益,最终演化为道德效用也是利己的,这是道德共同体的有效构建。最后站在新时代公民道德建设这一新的历史起点上,道德效用的社会生态蕴意突显了生态个体与社会生态系统和谐共存的伦理智慧,其注重以人为本、利他与利己均衡发展以及培育公共品格的伦理思想可以提升伦理道德体系话语的亲和力和感召力,使道德主体选择正确的行为方式去把握生态个体之间的关系。

On Ethics of Moral Utility from Perspective of Ecological Individual

The paper explores moral utility from the perspective of ecological individual with an aim to confirm the utility of morality for individual survival,freedom and happiness,and to guide behavior subjects to conduct moral practice spontaneously.First of all,based on the micro analysis of the related concepts of moral utility,it discusses the ideological connotation of moral utility that moral behavior benefits the beneficiaries.Secondly,it explores moral utility from ecological individual’s three progressive pursuits of survival,freedom and happiness.Specifically,moral utility is altruistic,which means that the behaviors of moral subjects make others beneficiaries.With the development of moral utility in time and space,the feedback effect will benefit the moral subjects themselves,and the moral utility eventually evolves into egoistic,which is an effective construction of the moral community.Finally,with the new historical starting point of improving civic morality,the paper expounds that the social ecological implications of moral utility highlight the ethical wisdom of harmonious coexistence of ecological individual and social ecosystem.The human-oriented ethics of the balanced development of altruism and egotism and the cultivation of public character can enhance the affinity and appeal of the ethical and moral discourse,guiding moral subjects in choosing right behaviors to deal with the relationship among ecological individuals.