中国前近代手工业经济的特点

我国前近代手工业经济具有显著的特点,这既包括其自身(这些特点与世界其他地区的手工业存在着一定的差别)的特点,同时也存在着与近代企业之间的不同。中国前近代手工业经济的特点为:一、家庭副业手工业一直比较活跃;二、官府手工业自始至终相当发达;三、集生产与销售于一体的前店后坊模式比较普遍;四、合伙制具有近代企业萌芽的某些特征;五、民间手工业生产者有土地投资偏好;六、工匠的身份变化比较大;七、工匠技术的传授主要通过父子相承或兄弟相承。

The Characteristics of Handicraft Economy in the Pre-Modern Times of China

The characteristics of the handicraft economy in the pre-modern times of China are somehow remarkable.These characteristics include both the characteristics of itself (these kind of characteristics are different from those of the handicraft industry in other areas of the world) and which distinguishing from modern enterprises.This paper summarizes the characteristics of the handicraft economy in the pre-modern times of China as:(1)the handicraft industry based on family kept active;(2)the handicraft industry run by government was developed thoroughly;(3)the model of front-shop and behind-workshop,which integrated the production and marketing was prevailing;(4)the collective system had some features of primary modern enterprises;(5)the preference of investing in land of the producers of civil handicraft;(6)the status of the craftsmen varied greatly;(7)the spreading of skills was mainly by son learning from father and brothers learning from each other.