地方性知识的扭曲、缺失和复原——以中国西南地区的三个少数民族为例

民族文化具有能动适应于环境的禀赋，这是学术界早就公认的结论。但前人基本上是就文化的生态适应而展开研究。而我们所面临的事实是：世界各地生态危机频发，文化对生态的适应失去效用。文化的适应存在双重性，它既要适应所处生态环境，还要适应所处的社会背景。前人对文化的社会适应缺乏关注，正是无法解释目前生态危机频发的原因。为此，以我国西南地区的苗族、侗族和彝族在近500年间的文化变迁为例，通过文化政治分析，去揭示这三个民族的地方性知识如何在中央王朝的统一政策作用下发生变形、扭曲和缺失，力图弄清文化的社会适应原则，希望从中找到复原和利用这些地方性知识的最佳对策。

Distortion,Loss and Recovery of Local Knowledge--Take Three Minority Groups in Southwest China as Examples

It's a conclusion acknowledged very early by the academic circles that the national culture is endowed to have an ability to adapt actively in its environment.However,the former research was unfolded mainly on the ecological adaption of culture.The fact we are now facing is:ecological crisis frequently appears everywhere in the world,that's the reason why culture lost its function in the ecological adaption.The author thinks that the cultural adaption has double identity,which not only has to adapt its ecological environment,but also its social background.The predecessors cared very less about the social adaption of culture,so this is just the reason why we can't explain the frequent happenings of present ecological crisis.Therefore,this paper takes recent five-hundred-year cultural change of Miao,Dong and Yi which are three minority groups in the south-western part of our country,through the analysis of culture and politics,reveals how the local knowledge of three nationalities became distorted and lost under the unified national policy adopted by central imperial court,clarifies the rules of cultural social adaption,helps to find the countermeasures for recovering and utilizing these local knowledge.