哈贝马斯的现代性视野

哈贝马斯现代性视野的确立,与他对现代性问题意识的反思和对现代性之反面话语的批判密切相关。一方面,哈贝马斯分析了黑格尔现代性自我奠基理论的严重失误,另一方面,哈贝马斯又对尼采之后的两种现代性批判话语进行了深入的剖析与批判。哈贝马斯发现现代性哲学话语出现所谓“穷竭症候”的原因在于,它陷入了意识哲学范式不能自拔,从主体中心化的理性出发不可能真正实现对中心化主体的突破和超越。因此,范式转换、理性重诠是现代性重建的根本与基础。

Habermas' Perspective of Modernity

The establishment of Habermas' perspective of modernity is closely connected with the reflection of problem consciousness of modernity and the criticism of counter-discourses of modernity. On the one hand, Habermas analyzes the serious faults in Hegal's theory, in which modernity lays a foundation for itself; on the other hand, he analyzes thoroughly and criticizes two different critical discourses of modernity after Nietzsche. According to his analyses, the reason why philosophical discourse of modernity is exhausted is that this discourse cannot escape from the paradigm of the philosophy of Consciousness, that is to say, it is impossible to surpass the centralized subject with a reason in which the subject has already been centralized. Therefore, the essential way to reconstruct modernity is to transform the paradigm and to reinterpret reason.