论宪法结构中劳动权的立宪保护义务——以世界55部宪法文本为考察对象

劳动权在宪法权利体系中主要是作为社会经济权利存在的。通过系统考察世界55部成文宪法规定,劳动权立宪多是以规定其国家保护义务内容为中心。在具体立宪形式上,各国劳动权及其立宪保护义务多是处于宪法基本国策及基本权利章节中,其宪法效力主要表现为弱意义上的"宪法委托"。在立宪内容上,多数国家均是选择性规定劳动就业保护、劳动报酬、劳动条件、特殊群体保护以及休息权等部分内容。虽然相较于域外多数国家宪法以及国际人权公约规定,我国劳动权立宪规定已表现得较为完备,但作为一种发展性需求,其在宪法制度空间中仍有继续发展和完善的必要。

The Constitutional Obligation to Protect the Right to Work in the Structure of Constitution---With the 55 Constitution text as the Object of Study

The right to work mainly exists as social and economic rights in the constitutional right system .A systematic investigation of the written constitution in 55 countries shows that the right to work is stipulated in the constitutional duty as a fundamental obligation of the state protection .In the specific constitutional form , the right to work and its constitutional protection obligation are set forth in the chapter of the basic national policy and the basic rights of constitution .Its constitutional validity mainly depends on its weak “Constitutional Commission”.In the constitutional content , most countries selectively provide employment protection , labor remuneration , working con-ditions, protection of special groups and the rest right etc .Compared with the constitution of most countries and the international human rights conventions , the constitutional provisions of the right to work in China are relatively com-plete, but as a developmental need , it is still necessary to continue to develop and improve the constitutional system in space .