试论文化批评与文学批评的关系

文化研究可分为广义与狭义两种。前者以一切文化现象为对象;后者亦即文化批评则主要把文化研究的方法与旨趣引入文学研究,是文学研究的一个范式,与它相对的不是文学研究而是审美研究。事实上,文化批评恰恰极大地得益于文学批评"内部研究"中发展起来的语言学、符号学与叙述学这些被认为是"文学的本体批评"的分析工具与分析方法。文化批评与形式主义或审美研究的真正差别在于它们解读文本的方式、目的、旨趣不同,文化批评的目的主要是揭示文本的意识形态以及文本所隐藏的文化一权力关系。

A Tentative Approach to the Relationship between Cultural Criticism and Literary Criticism

Cultural studies are of two sorts. Cultural studies, in broad sense, targets different cultural phenomena. In narrow sense, however, it presents itself as a paradigm of literary studies, which introduces methods and objectives of cultural studies into literary criticism. In this sense, cultural criticism differs itself from aesthetic studies. The difference between cultural criticism and so called " inner criticism" or aesthetic criticism lies in that the former focuses on the ideology and power relationship in literary text rather than the aesthetic quality of it.