李约瑟难题浅析

“李约瑟难题”是在中西科学技术史比较研究过程中提出的一个著名问题，具有很高的学术价值和现实意义。李约瑟本人将中国未能产生近代科学的主要原因归结于地理、经济与制度三个方面。用历史唯物主义观点解答“李约瑟难题”，认为社会存在决定社会意识，是中国地理环境、人口、生产方式三方面的因素影响了近代科学在中国的产生；同时，社会意识反作用于社会存在，自然科学方面的基础、教育、科举制度、清朝政治制度等因素影响了近代科学在中国的产生。

A Brief Analysis of the Needham Problem

The Needham Problem is a famous problem submitted in the process of comparative study of Chinese and western history of science, which has the very great academic value and practical significance. Needham attributed the main mason of modern sciences＇ not being able to appear in China to the throe aspects of geography, economics and system, answering ＂Needham problem＂ from a historical materialist perspective, who believed that social existence decided social consciousness. And it was Chinese geographical environment, population factor and productive mode that influenced the emergence of modern sciences in China; meanwhile, social consciousness counteracts with social existence, and the natural science factors such as foundation, education, imperial examinations system and political system of the Qing Dynasty influenced the emergence of modern sciences in China.