实践理性:基于广义视域的考察

作为理性在实践领域的体现,实践理性以如何使存在合乎人的理想及人的合理需要为关切之点。在形式的层面,实践理性主要表现为正当性原则,其内涵在于合乎一定的价值原则或实践规范。在实质的层面,实践理性则表现为向善原则,其要义在于行动或实践过程合乎行动主体或实践主体的合理需要,这种需要的满足同时意味着价值(善)在实质意义上的实现。行动与实践过程同时涉及手段与方式。就行动和实践过程中的手段、方式而言,实践理性又具体展开为有效原则,其内在的要求在于合乎实然(事实)与必然(存在的法则)。正当原则与向善原则主要从价值的形式之维与实质之维体现了理性与实践的关系,有效原则更多地从手段、方式、程序上展示了理性的实践形态。在以上视域中,行动和实践的理性品格,主要便表现为行动和实践过程本身合乎社会规范、体现合理需要、依乎存在法则。以求其善为总的指向,正当原则、向善原则、有效原则彼此相关,从形式与实质的统一、正当与善的交融、目的与方式的互动等方面展示了实践理性的具体内涵,并实际地统摄、引导着实践过程。

Practical Reason in Broad Sense:A New Investigation

What practical reason focuses on is how to make the world be manifested mankind’s various ideal and meeting their rational needs as well.On the formal level practical reason is embodied in the principle of rightness which means conforming with relevant social norms or rules,and in the substantial aspects,practical reason is embodied in the principle of goodness which directs to the realization of the rational needs of mankind and the principle of effectiveness which involves the means as well as the ways of human practice,and the internal demand of the later is following the law of being.