被遮蔽的马克思

当人们阅读马克思时,以为自己直接面对着马克思。其实,这是一种错觉。他们实际上是通过正统的阐释者们留下的阐释文本的媒介去理解马克思的。然而,正统的阐释者们同样也被自己的错觉所迷惑。一方面,他们以为自己已经对黑格尔和费尔巴哈的思想做出了批判性的考察,实际上,他们所批判的东西远比自己想象的要少,而他们所借贷的东西又远比自己想象的要多;另一方面,在正统的阐释者们组成的阵营中,后继者对先行者也缺乏批判的意识,从而使阐释活动中的偏差始终得不到及时的纠正,以至于在斯大林的《论辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义》中得到了集中的体现。事实上,当马克思的原初思想在正统的阐释者们的阐释活动中被黑格尔化、费尔巴哈化和斯大林化时,马克思就成了被遮蔽的马克思。由此可见,要面对本真的马克思,必须先替马克思解蔽。

The Hidden Marx

We don’t face Marx directly when we read Marx’s writings, because we understand Marx generally through texts as medium which orthodox interpreters remain. However, orthodox interpreters have also been puzzled by their own illusions. On one side, they believe that Hegel’s and Feuerbach’s thought have been critically investigated by themselves, in fact, what have been criticized by them are far less than they have imaged, and what have been gotten from Hegel and Feuerbach are far more than they have imaged; On other side, the successors have no critical consciousness towards advanced men in the camp consisted of orthodox interpreters, hence mistakes coming from activities of interpreters have no opportunities to be corrected in time, resulting in Stalin’s Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism. In fact, when Marx’s original thought are Hegelized, Feuerbachlized, and Stalinlized, Marx has become a hidden Marx. That is to say, we have to cast off these levels of coverage through critique, then it’s possible that Marx’s real thought shows itself to us.