涂尔干的社会学方法论与教育研究

涂尔干是社会学的重要创始人之一,也是教育社会学的主要奠基者。涂尔干的社会学方法论是实证主义的,也是唯理性—科学主义的。他指出社会学研究的对象应是社会事实,这种社会事实是整体的而不是个别的;是普遍的而不是特殊的;是群体行为而非个体行为。涂尔干对教育的研究贯穿于他的方法论中,并集中体现在教育与社会学、教育思想史与道德教育的论述中。对涂尔干的社会学方法论与他对教育的研究进行梳理,尝试重现他对教育与社会关系的真实思想和运用在研究上的方法论,有利于对涂尔干的教育社会学思想做出进一步的解释。

Durkheim''''s Methodology of Social Sciences and Educational Research

As an important initiator of social sciences, Durkheim is also a founder of social science of education. His methodology of social sciences is positivism as well as rationalism and scientism. He holds that social facts are the research target of social sciences; the facts themselves are integrated rather than individual, are universal rather than special, are collective action rather than individual one. His educational research is reflected in his methodology research, is embodied in the arguments of education and social sciences, history of educational ideas and moral education. Through the analysis of his methodology of social sciences and educational research, the article tries to show his genuine ideas of education and social relationship, and methodology used in his research, which helps the further explanation of his ideas of social science of education.