元成庙议与《长杨赋》的结构及影响

在司马相如“博丽之文”的影响下，扬雄创作出《甘泉赋》、《河东赋》、《羽猎赋》、《长杨赋》四篇杰出的大赋。其中《长杨赋》尤为奇特，前贤或因其以议论代铺排而认为它仿效相如《难蜀父老》，或因其以论辩构篇而奉为“文赋”之祖，或因其阳咏汉德而阴寓讥时的叙事之法将之视为两汉赋风转捩的纽带，然究其实，皆泛泛而谈，未能探骊得珠。《长杨赋》创作背景和叙写结构实根源于西汉元、成时代的庙制之争，儒家思想的上升，儒生政治的诉求，宗法圣统的复归，取法周礼的倡导，构成了其时庙议的复杂内涵。而在依礼制勘定庙数的几番论争中，虽然皇帝与儒生的意见未能一致，但基本确定了高祖、文帝、武帝三庙永不毁弃的地位，这正是《长杨赋》的写作背景；而且“祖有功而宗有德”的观念决定了其叙事结构与谲谏内涵，尤其是赋中的戒淫史观和论辩体式，对东汉京殿大赋创作的影响至为深远。

The Arguments on the Emperor Temple System under Yuan and Cheng's Reign in the Han Dynasty and the Structure and Impact of "Changyang Fu"

Under the influence of Sima Xiangru's gorgeous style of writing,Yang Xiong created four brilliant poetic essays--'Ganquan Fu'，'Hedong Fu'，'Yulie Fu' and 'Changyang Fu',of which 'Changyang Fu' is the most special.There exist three different views on this essay that it is an apology like Sima Xiangru's prose--'Blaming the Shu People',that it marked the beginning of prose fu and that it is a link in the stylistic shift of Hanfu.In the present author's opinion,these views are just talks in generalities.If we examine the background and narrative structure of 'Changyang Fu',we find that they are closely related to the arguments on the system of emperors' temples,which included the rise of Confucianism,the political appeals of scholars, the return to the patriarchal clan system,and the advocacy of Zhou Dynasty's social institutions.Although the controversy between the monarch and the Confucian scholars was never resolved,the three temples,Temple of Emperor Gaozu,Temple of Emperor Wen and Temple of Emperor Wu were preserved. It was against this background that 'Changyang Fu' was written,and it was the notion that the ancestors have merits and the family has virtue that decided the structure of narration and the connotation of Tactful Admonition,among which the idea of getting rid of lechery and the genre of apology has specially far-reaching impact on the writing of Dafu in the Eastern Han Dynasty.