明清道教神仙信仰的民众化

神仙信仰是道教的核心信仰.明清道教神仙信仰的民众化主要是指神仙信仰深入普通民众生活并对民众的生产、生活及心理产生普遍影响的社会现象.其内容主要包括三个方面:神仙形象的民间化,即从天上神仙到民间异人;神仙功能的社会化,即从个体成仙到救世度人;神仙居所的尘世化与内向化,即从遥不可及的"洞天福地"到遍布乡间市井的官观庙宇,一直深入到人们的心灵居所.这一民众化过程,是明清社会大变动榕局之下的产物,这一时期的经济、政治、社会控制等是民众化最终形成的外部因素.同时,这一民众化过程与中国封建社会的文化特征亦有着密切的关联,凸显了中国文化的一体化与交融性.

The Popularization of the Immortal Belief of Taoism during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Immortal belief is the core of Taoism.The popularization of immortal belief in Ming and Qing Dynasties refers to the social phenomenon which penetrates to the life of the public and casts influence on their production,life and psychology generally.It includes three aspects as follows.First,the image of immortal gods changes from the sky gods to the civil eccentric.Second,the socialization of the function of gods changes from self-saving to public-saving.Third,the residence of the immortal changes from Dong ...