我国亲子关系异议制度论析——以《民法典》第1073条为中心

社会生活复杂性导致生物学意义上的父母子女关系与法律意义上的父母子女关系可能存在偏差，《民法典》第1073条确立了亲子关系异议制度。当前，亲子关系异议制度存在着如何认定“父”“母”“子女”的范畴、如何理解提起异议之诉时的“正当理由”、如何解决亲子关系否认或确认后产生的抚养费和精神损害赔偿、成年子女仅能提起确认之诉是否合理、否定未成年子女请求权人资格是否合理等突出问题。考虑到平衡血缘真实与身份关系稳定的需要，应当通过适度扩展提起亲子关系异议的主体范围、赋予成年子女否认亲子关系存在的权利、请求权设置消失时效限制、建立亲子关系确立或否认后未成年人保护制度等措施，进一步完善亲子关系异议制度。

The System of Parent-child Relationship Objection in China——A Study on Article 1073 of Civil Code

Article 1073 of Civil Code establishes the parent-child relationship objection system in China, which has both positive and negative significance. The major problems are as follows:first, how to define "father", "mother" and "child", especially the identification challenges brought by artificialw assisted reproductive technology? Second, how to define "just cause" of filing an objection? Third, how to solve the problem of compensations of cost of upbringing and mental damage after the denial or confirmation of parent-child relationship? Fourth, is it justifiable to grand adult child the right to appeal for confirmation only? Fifthly, is it reasonable to deny the minor children of the qualification of a claimant? To balance blood relationship and identity relationship,the system of objection to parent-child relationship can be further improved by extending the scope of the subject of objection to parent-child relationship,giving adult children the right to deny the existing parent-child relationship, setting the time limit to disappearance of claim right, and establishing the system of protection for minors after the establishment or denial of parent-child relationship