道德作为人的一种高级精神需要的特质

道德是人的需要系统中的一个重要部分,它从一个方面表现和充实了人的本质。道德尽管是社会利益的显现,但在道德的深处,个人利益和社会利益是联结在一起的。在道德领域中,主体的自觉性是以自律的形式表现出来的,当道德成为人的自觉需要时,人才能使自己的意志得到自主,由自主过渡到自为,成为“道德自我”。道德一方面要求行为主体以“利他”为目标,另一方面要求个人把行为责任指向自我。责己、自咎、正己,这是道德成为自我需要的标志和道德运行的“向我性”轨迹。

A Particular Quality of the Moral Need

Morality is one of the important parts of the spirit needs in high level of human's system of needs,which express and enrich human nature from one aspect.Although morality is the manifestation of social interest,individual interest is connected with overall interests is society in the depth of morality.In the field of morality,the consciousness of subject is displayed in the form of'self-controlling'.When morality becomes human conscious need,he could have the freedom of will,so as to be the'Moral being'.On one hand,morality demands subject to take'benefit others'as its objective,on the other,it demands individual to the responsibility of action to himself.Self-criticism,self-rebuke and self-perfection are the sign causing morality to be the need of oneself and orbit of'self-controlling'for practice.In moral practice,'self-orientatting'is the prerequisite of ' benefit others',while'benefit others'is the aim of'self-orientatting'.