马克思主义哲学中国化:规律和形态

马克思主义哲学中国化实际上就是马克思主义哲学在中国的发展。马克思主义哲学的发展,是各国的马克思主义者从自己的实践需要出发对马克思恩格斯哲学思想的能动选择与运用,是文本与诠释者的互动。实践性和缺少全面详细地阐述自己基本观点的文本作为马克思主义哲学的两个重要特点,极大地影响了马克思主义哲学的发展和它的中国化。在马克思主义哲学中国化的进程中,从客观方面看,中国人是以苏联哲学为中介研究马克思、恩格斯的哲学著作的;从主观方面看,中国的国情、革命的实践需要、革命领袖的个性和中国的传统文化都起了重要作用。马克思主义哲学的中国化经历了四个阶段,形成了三种形态。五四新文化运动到1927年,中国的进步知识分子选择了马克思主义;1927—1949 年,中国化的马克思主义哲学以实事求是为基本精神;1949—1978年,在两种思想的斗争中“左”的思想日渐占据上风,中国化的马克思主义哲学表现出唯意志论的特点;1979年以后,以实践唯物主义为特征的新的马克思主义哲学正在形成之中。

On the Law and Main Form of the Localization of Marxist Philosophy in China

The localization of Marxist philosophy in China is in fact its development in China. The development of Marxist philosophy is the dynamic choice and application of Marx and Engels' philosophy thoughts by the Marxists all over the world to their different practical needs. Moreover, it is the interaction between text and interpreter. Practicality and lack of versions making overall exposition of its essential ideas are two characteristics of Marxist philosophy, which greatly hinder its development and localization in China. Given an objective perspective, Chinese researchers study the philosophy works of Marx and Engels by means of Soviet Union philosophy; given a subjective perspective, the national conditions of China, the practical needs of Chinese revolution, the personalities of Chinese revolutionary leaders and the Chinese traditional culture all play a very important role. The localization of Marxist philosophy in China has experienced four periods and three kinds of forms. From the New Culture Movement (around the time of the May 4th Movement in 1919) to 1927, the Chinese progressive intellectuals had selected Marxism; From 1927 to 1949, the essential spirit of seeking truth from facts was dominating the localization of Marxist philosophy. From 1949 to 1978, with the prevailing of Leftist thoughts, the localization of Marxist philosophy in China took form of voluntarism. Since 1979, the new Marxist philosophy distinguishing itself by practical materialism has been taking shape.