隐喻、隐喻性思维与相似性思维

修辞中的隐喻、隐喻性思维和相似性思维是人们解释语言、思维和世界的关系的三个层次。修辞上的隐喻认为隐喻是对不同的客观事物所存在的相似点的揭示和创造;隐喻性思维借用了修辞隐喻的相似理论,认为隐喻是认知世界的手段,它充满了我们的日常语言中,并对语义的衍生和发展起作用;相似性思维理论也是从认知的角度,认为人们总是以特定的认知模型把新的知识和体验与大脑中的相似块相耦合,相似性思维的过程就是对知识和体验的概念分类和综合过程;“相似性思维”理论比“隐喻性思维”理论能从更广泛的范围上解释语言现象。

Metaphor, Metaphorical Thinking and Similar Thinking

Metaphor in rhetoric,metaphorical thinking and similar thinking are three levels of accounting for language and world.In rhetoric,metaphor is thought to reveal and create the similarities existing in the different objects in the world;the theory of metaphorical thinking holds that metaphor,as a means of understanding the world,is filled in our daily-used language and plays an important role in extending and developing the meanings of words;the theory of similar thinking,also from the perspective of cognition,insists that understanding the world be a process of matching of new experience and knowledge with the similarity chunks in the brain by some cognition models.The process of similar thinking is one of conceptually classifying and grouping experience and knowledge.In contrast with metaphorical thinking,similar thinking can provide a wider view to account for the language phenomenon.