西汉“中谒者”考

综合文献和简牍材料,对西汉“中谒者”这一职官略作考释,提出西汉“中谒者”的称谓经历了一个变迁过程,汉承秦制,汉初就叫“中谒者”,武帝至成帝建始四年（前29）,名称叫“中书谒者”,成帝建始四年后,恢复“中谒者”,一直到东汉仍叫“中谒者”名.汉初“中谒者”职掌之一主天子冠服礼制朝祭百事,身份多为士人,其迁转多在郎官系统中进行,约自高后以后,“中谒者”始为宦官承担.武帝至成帝建始四年,以中书令领尚书事,其迁转多在宦官担任的职官中进行,成帝建始四年后,中谒者仍职如汉初,恢复到汉初的秩俸,仍然是由宦者承担.

Textual Researching on＂Zhong-ye-zhe＂; of Han Dynasty

Based on studies of documents and bamboo slips, this paper tries to give verification to the official posi-tion of ＂Zhong-ye-zhe＂ of Han Dynasty. The appellation went through such a development procedure as followings ：＂Zhong-ye-zhe＂ at the early period of Han Dynasty which was inherited from Qin Dynasty＇s official system;＂Zhong-shu-ye-zhe＂ between the reign of Emperor Wudi and the fourth year of the Jianshi Period of Emperor Cheng（29 BC） ; ＂Zhong-ye-zhe＂ since the year till East Han Dynasty. At the beginning of Han Dynasty, the main re-sponsibility of Zhong-ye-zhe was in charge of the ceremonial costumes of the emperors and rituals during sacrificeceremonies. Most of them were acted by scholars whose promotion took place within the system of Langguan Sys-tem. Approximately after the reign of Queen Gao, the eunuchs began to act as Zhong-ye-zhe. After 29 BC, they al-so got another name of Zhongshuling which was also concurrently in charge of the job of Shangshu （Minister）.Their promotion was carried in the system of eunuchs. After 29 BC, the Zhong-ye-zhe resumed their former respon-sibility and salaries of early Han