“单独二孩”政策的利与弊

"单独二孩"政策有利有弊,其直接意义在于缓解"一个孩子"政策所带来的问题。该政策的积极效果表现在:可以适当提高生育水平;适当缓解中国人口年龄结构的老化;群众有更多自主选择生育的权利;家庭结构得到平衡发展;缓解出生人口漏报;缓解出生性别比过度偏高;缓解人口素质逆淘汰;推动计划生育工作综合改革。然而,由于政策的调整在一定程度上仍然属于"硬着陆",必然会带来一些问题,主要包括:近几年会出现符合单独二孩政策夫妇的集中生育;很多高危人群生育会导致孕产妇死亡率上升和出生缺陷发生率的上升;政策调整本身就带来了生育的不公平或机会的不平等。建议:用奖励的方式鼓励年轻妇女晚生育第二个孩子;设立高危妊娠咨询和指导中心;政府为无机会和能力再生育的家庭承担更多责任。

Advantage and Disadvantage of the New Second Child Policy

＂Second Child Policy＂has advantages and disadvantages . It is good for releasing the problems pro- duced by ＂one - child policy＂. The positive effect of such a policy can properly increase the fertility level, resist the population aging, provide more right for birth, balance the family structure, decrease the underreporting of birth, restrain the high sex ratio at birth, mitigate the reverse of the quality of population, promote the compre- hensive reform of the family planning program. Such a policy may also produce some problems, such as baby boom, more number of birth defect caused by high - aged women, more inequality of childbearing that the government should promote late birth for younger women, set up counseling and instructing take more responsibility for couples who are unable to have the second child. We suggest centers, and