也谈城邦的正义与灵魂的正义——读《理想国》

柏拉图在《理想国》中分别从城邦的正义和灵魂的正义两个方面来阐述正义本身。而对于为什么当且仅当从这两个方面入手才能说清楚正义问题,柏拉图并没有给出恰当的解释。同时,柏拉图也从城邦的正义想当然地过渡到了灵魂的正义,并进行了类比,认为两者结构相似、各个部分能够一一对应。这在逻辑论证的有效性上是值得怀疑的。这种类比本身也有不少的问题,以至于在某种程度上就哲学的严谨性上可以说问题很大。另外这种类比过后也会出现一些"剩余",而这些在某些偏僻的角落里为柏拉图意识到了,但是却给忽略掉了。

On the Justice of the State and the Justice of the Soul——Reading The Rupublic

In order to expound the justice itself in The Republic,Plato explained the justice of the state and the justice of the soul separately.About why that was the right and only way to illuminate it Plato didn't give an appropriate explanation,however.Moreover,Plato assumed the transition from the justice of the state to the justice of the soul as a matter of course and thought that both of them had the same construction and could be homologous one by one.It is suspectable in the logical validity.There are also many problems in the analogy and to some extent there is a big problem in the philosophical preciseness.In addition there are some remnants after the analogy,which had been noticed in some obscure contexts,but ignored unfortunately by Plato.