《春官》“六诗”之“兴”与《诗经》之“兴”诗

《周礼·春官》大师所教＂六诗＂＂风、赋、比、兴、雅、颂＂之本义,应该从《春官》大师配合大宗伯参与周王＂以吉礼事邦国之鬼神祇＂的各种礼仪与＂风、赋、比、兴、雅、颂＂的上古辞源意义考究,加以文献实证,方可确定。从上古辞源考究,本义为祭祖且为各种祭祖仪式通称之＂兴＂,正好与《春官》所叙大师配合大宗伯参与周王之祭祖礼仪＂以肆献裸享先王,以馈食享先王,以祠春享先王,以礿夏享先王,以尝秋享先王,以烝冬享先王＂相契合,而＂兴＂为祭祖和各种祭祖仪式通称在《尚书》、《礼记》、《诗经》等文献均有存留。据此可以推定：配合大宗伯参与＂大祭祀＂的大师所教＂六诗＂之＂兴＂诗,是专用于祭祖的诗歌。孔子所言＂诗可以兴＂应译为＂诗可以祭祖＂。朱熹所言《诗经》＂先言他物以引起所咏之词＂的兴象诗,并非《周礼》＂六诗＂之＂兴诗＂,而是上古神文化的诗形式。

The Xing Poetry of Six Poetry in Zhou Li and the Association in Book of Songs

The xing poetry of six poetry in Zhou Li ought to study from the sacrificial rites in Zhou Dynasty and their derivation and ancient literature.The xing in the original meaning were the manifold ancestor,and it can cult tally with the sacrificial rites in Zhou Dynasty,and the meaning consist in Shang Shu and Li Ji（Book of Rites） and Shi Jing（Classic of Poetry）.We can conclude by these xing poetry qua the association was the ancestor worship poetry in Zhou Dynasty,and that the association was the modality of poetry in ancient times.