沈从文文化视野的人类学解读

沈从文在创作初期以湘西本土文化代言人的身份,对湘西文化的地方性知识系统进行深度描写,揭示湘西文化的精神特质。这种对湘西文化的本土阐释是把湘西文化作为都市文明的反观之镜,也是作为拯救现代都市文明诸多病态的良方,这是沈从文此期的文学题材选择与创作思想的人类学向度。这种缺失现代历史理性的价值取向必然受挫。沈从文的民族感情和民族自尊同历史理性尺度之间的冲突,正是他文化困境的来源。历史理性是沈从文走出文化困境的必然之途。沈从文从本土文化阐释意识到历史理性的转变高度说明了他的文化理解阐释身份的全面置换,也揭示了他文化阐释的方法的自觉更新。沈从文从苗族、湘西区域意识到中华民族整体意识的逐步归聚,实际上是他跨文化思考、历史理性思考乃至对人"类"意识思考的结晶。这是沈从文对中华民族文化如何走向复兴问题的深度思考。

The Anthropological Interpretation of SHEN Cong-wen's Cultural Field of Vision

At his initial stage of creation,SHEN Cong-wen represented the native culture of the western areas of Hunan and tried to discover its internal spiritual nature by the way of the deep interpretation on its local or native knowledges.SHEN Cong-wen thought the culture of the western area of Hunan as a mirrior to reflect the modern civilization.His creative ideas and the horizon of cultural expoundation belong to anthropological angle.But his value orientation and judgement met with inevitable defeat because of his lack of historical reason.SHEN Cong-wen's cultual predicament origined from the conflict between his national feelings and historical reason.So historical reason implied an inevitable way for SHEN Cong-wen to step out the cultural predicament.He came to improve his cultural ideas from native idea to historical reason.It was an overall exchange for SHEN Cong-wen's cultural status.As a result,he renewed his interpretive methods.It was because of his historical reason and cross cultural perspective that he had come to deepen his ponderance over the national cultural rejuvenation.