刑罚威慑理论:过去、现在和未来——刑罚的经济学分析

威慑理论是法经济学在刑法领域的核心贡献。自贝卡利亚和边沁之后很长一段时间,威慑理论归于沉寂,贝克尔复兴了这一理论,近代波斯纳、沙维尔、莱维特等使之更加细致,深入研究了刑罚决定各个影响因素及其之间的关系。尽管一些实证研究证明威慑效应确实存在,但批评意见始终不绝。在批评意见的激励下以及借助于经济学的新进展,威慑理论在向着更加精致化、实证化的方向发展,其中行为经济学的引入大大提高了威慑理论的现实性。

Deterrent Theory of Punishment: Past, Now and Future——Analysis of Economics of Punishment

Deterrent theory is the core contribution of Law and Economics in the field of Criminal Law. After Beccaria and Bentham, deterrent theory is silence in a very long time, Becker revived this theory. Modern, Posner, Shavell and Levitt made it more particular. They probed into that punishment decides each factor of influence and their relations after probing into the punishment. Though some researches of concrete evidence proved deterrent effect truly exists, there also are a lot of critical opinions. Under driving of critical opinions as well as with the aid of the new development of economics, deterrent theory will be exact and pay attention to concrete evidence, (including) introduction of behavior economics (has) greatly enhanced the deterrent theory feasibility.