中国城市商业银行盈利能力影响因素分析——基于50家商业银行的微观数据

基于2009-2015年期间国内50家城市商业银行(城商行)的微观数据,采用动态面板数据模型实证检验了资产负债结构及其他宏微观因子对城商业银行盈利能力的影响。研究结论表明:负债及资产结构对城商行的盈利能力具有显著的影响,一般性存款占负债的比重、贷款占资产的比重均与其盈利水平显著正相关;城商行的资产质量及成本控制水平越高,盈利能力也越强;规模越大并不意味着盈利能力越强,那些规模较小的城商行因为聚焦于中小客户群体、具有更高的定价话语权而能够获取更高的盈利;GDP增长率、货币政策等外部宏观环境并不会显著影响城商行的盈利水平。因此,城商行不应追求单纯的规模扩张而应着力强化资产负债统筹管理,并立足自身资源禀赋及市场定位,走差异化、特色化发展道路。

An Analysis on Factors Influencing the Profitability of China's City Commercial Banks:Evidence Based on Micro Data of 50 Banks

Based on the panel data from 50 China's city commercial banks during 2009-2015, this paper empirically test the effects of structure of assets and liabilities and other factors on city commercial banks' profitability by use of dynamic panel data model.Researches show that: increasing levels of deposit and loan can raise city commercial banks' profitability observably;quality of assets and level of cost control are also significantly positive correlated with city commercial banks' profitability.However, the larger the scale doesn't mean that the stronger the profitability and the factors of external macro-environment such as GDP growth and loan growth don't impact the profit of city commercial banks.City commercial banks should not pursue a simple expansion of the scale and should focus on strengthening the balance of assets and liabilities management.City commercial banks should also develop differentiation strategy with their own characteristics, based on their resources and market positioning.