宅基地使用权物权化探微

《物权法》的颁布确立了宅基地使用权的物权地位,但短短四条的法律条文并未体现出用益物权的应有权利。单一的住房保障价值取向在市场经济的冲击下,已不能满足农村生活的需要。对宅基地使用权物权化的讨论既要考虑其深刻的历史背景,反映宅基地使用权的福利属性;也要重视现实需求,突出宅基地使用权的财产属性。由于宅基地使用权兼具福利和财产双重属性,与传统物权法上的保障特定主体生存利益的人役权和提升土地资产效用的地上权具有相似之处,因此在体现福利属性的初始取得阶段,宅基地使用权应体现人役权特点,在之后的体现财产属性的流转及消灭阶段,应适用地上权规则。

The Trend of Absolute Right: a Study on the Use Right of Residential Land

The fact of "Property Law" issued is only to provide the Use Right of Residential Land with the status of property,but does not regulate it with four more provisions.It is not enough to manifest the due right of usufruct.When they discuss the problems of the Use Right of Residential Land,people should take into account its profound historical background and reflect welfare attribute of residential land.In addition,people should pay attention to the reality demand and project the property attribute of homestead right of use.Due to the homestead right of use owning both welfare and property attributes,it is similar to personal servitude and right on the ground.Therefore,at the initial stage of embodying welfare attribute,homestead right of use should reflect personal servitude characteristics.Later when it embodying the property attribute at flow and destroy stage,it should apply to right on the ground rules.