倡优、俳优与侏儒--汉代艺伎考系列之一

在汉代,倡优与俳优同属艺伎,但他们的职业技能又有区别,倡优以音乐表演为主,俳优以言语滑稽逗笑见长.侏儒属俳优中之一种.倡乐则是对倡优、俳优侏儒等艺人娱乐活动的总称.就性别而论,在汉代,倡优艺人男女都有,俳优侏儒艺人则只有男性.就流行状况而言,倡优相比俳优侏儒的流行范围要更为宽广.虽然他们作为艺人都具有一定的才能,但他们却遭到社会流俗的轻视.汉代艺人的性别特征,反映了礼教对女性职业的影响.

Chang - you, Pai - you and Dwarfs--Study of the Actors or Artists in the Han Dynasty (Ⅰ)

In the Han Dynasty, both Chang-you and Pai-you were artistic performers, but their professional abilities differed in that the former was good at musical performance while the latter at linguistic jokes. Dwarfs were included in Pai-you. Chang-le was a general term for the entertainment activities conducted by the artistic performers like Chang-you, Pai-you and dwarfs. As far as gender was concerned in the Han Dynasty, Chang-you artistic performers consisted of both men and women while Pai-you and dwarf artistic performers were only men. As far as their influence was concerned, Chang-you had much more influential areas than Pai-you and dwarfs. Though they had certain required abilities as artistic performers, they were belittled by the social customs. The gender characteristics of the artistic performers in the Han Dynasty reflected the influence of Confucianism on the profession of women.