再思20世纪上半叶的乡村建设与改造

近代中国在迈入现代化进程以来，众多革命者与知识分子基于对乡土中国的认识和判断，提出了不同的方案并付诸实践。乡村建设派试图通过乡村教育、卫生、文化与组织改造等重建社会；共产党人在农村开展土地改革并动员农民进行社会革命。尽管两者在路径选择上存在差异，但都尝试通过一村一地的实验和典型示范扩展开去，强调农村社会动员和农民组织化的作用，实际上都服膺于20世纪以来现代国家建设的总体性目标。这对于1949年后我国乡村建设的实践产生深远影响，当下的乡村在未完结的现代国家建设目标之下，正在政府与社会诸多力量的裹挟中寻求转型。

Rethinking Rural Construction During the First Half of the 20th Century

Since the 20th century, based on the understanding of rural China, many revolutionaries and the intellectuals put forward different solutions for rural construction. The people who participated in the rural construction movement wanted to build the new country with the way of rural education and cultural reconstruction; The others who followed the Communist Party of China wanted to mobilize peasants to participate in the revolution and started land revolution and social mobilization in the rural areas. Despite the differences between the two roads based on revolution and modernization, the same way is about building the experiment area or model village in rural area, and hoping to develop this in the whole country, which belongs to the part of state building of China from the 20th century. The paper concludes with the insight for the current countryside building with rethinking this process.