超越政治神话 走向政治理性——近代绝对理性主义政治哲学简论

在诸多政治理论学说中 ,往往将近代政治神话的产生归结为非理性主义的泛滥 ,没有看到把“理性”本体化和极端化的绝对理性主义 ,同样导致了政治神话的产生。近代以来 ,绝对理性主义贯入到了现实主义和自然法两种政治思潮的骨髓 ,导致了政治神话广泛的产生和普遍横行。绝对理性主义的潜伏和它作为政治神话形成、横行的根源性因素 ,是人类走向未来在政治哲学领域必须加以清除的观念对象。马克思主义哲学将人类活动规定为社会发展的根本动力 ,把理性与非理性看做是基于人类实践而形成和变化着的人的本质力量的两种表现形式 ,打破了人们关于理性空间上的齐一性、时间上的恒定性的形而上的观念认识 ,取消了“理性”归约历史与实践的至高无上的地位 ,这为人类超越政治神话走向政治理性提供了坚实的理论基础。进一步说 ,政治实践必须在政治理性的硬度与柔韧性之间寻找到适当的平衡点 ,使非理性主义的政治神话归约到理性的引导之下 ,这样 ,既发挥了人类理性必要和必然的引导作用 ,又避免了各种政治神话的产生和横行

Transcend the Political Myth to the Political Rationality --On the Political Philosophy of the Modern Abstract Rationalism

: Many political theories have always ascribed the origin of the political myth to the overflow of the irrationalism. But they ignore the fact that the absolute rationalism,which pushes rationality to the position of ontology and emphasizes rationality to the extreme,can also lead to political myth. In modern times,absolute rationalism has been penetrated into the political theories of realism and of the nature law,which leads to the prevalence of the political myth. The latency of the absolute rationalism as the source element leading to political myth is the ideology,in the field of political philosophy,that must be eliminated from the road along which man marches foward toward the future. Marxist philosophy stipulates that the human actirities are the essential motive force of the development of society and regards rationality and irrationality as two kinds of manifestation of human essential power which is shaped and developed on the basis of human practice,breaks the metaphysical concept that rationality is identical in space and constant in time,and abolishes the supreme position of the rationality in stipulating history and practice—all this provides a solid theoretical basis for human beings to transcend the political myth and go to the political rationality. Further speaking,political practice must find an appropriate balancing point between the hardness and tenacity of the political rationality in order to have the irrationalism restricted and guided by the rationalism. As a result,the necessary and inevitable guiding function of the rationalism is brought into play and the political myth's emergence and prevalence will be avoided,too.