人类学视野中的文化冲突及其消解方式

本文认为 ,文化冲突的实质不应仅被理解为不同民族、国家、地区或族群之间的文化差异 ,还应被看作强势群体与弱势群体的利益冲突 ,特别是强势群体的文化霸权与弱势群体的文化抗争的冲突。文化冲突不断地撞击着弱势群体的文化底线 ,使社会乃至世界陷入局部或整体的危机、混乱甚至战争状态。因此 ,必须通过某种方式来消解文化冲突 ,尽量使冲突张力限定在最小的范围内。人类学是在文化冲突中诞生的 ,它对民族文化、边缘文化、地方性文化价值的肯定与重视 ,不但在一定程度上有效地消解了文化冲突的负面影响 ,而且更重要的是为人类保留了“多元一体”的文化格局

Cultural Conflicts and Their Settlement in the Perspective of Anthropology

This paper points out that cultural conflicts should not be regarded only as the cultural diversity between different nations, countries, regions and ethnic groups. Rather, they are conflicts of interests between advantaged and disadvantaged groups, or the conflicts between the cultural hegemony of the former and the cultural resistance of the latter. Cultural conflicts continuously strike the base line of the disadvantaged groups, plunging the society or even the world into local or regional crisis, turmoil or wars. Therefore, there must be a way to settle the cultural conflicts and make the tension of the conflicts being confined within the least possible range. Born in the cultural conflicts, anthropology approves and attaches importance to ethnic or marginal or local cultures. Such an attitude effectively dissolves the negative effect of cultural conflicts to some extent. And more importantly, it reserves the cultural pattern of pluralist macrocosm for mankind.