同意的概念及其政治意蕴

在解释公民与国家的新型关系时，由于存在历史事实上的困难，诉诸“明确的同意”（overt consent）显然不那么成功，诉诸“默示的同意”（implied consent）似乎更合理。然而，问题在于，按照后者，要保证同意的效力，就必须以“自愿性”或者“意图性”为必要条件，可现实的情况却未必都是如此的，因为人们对政府的行为予以默认的理由有时是非常“工具性”的。 

The Conception of Consent and Its Political Implication

On account of the difficulties of historical fact,it is obviously not so successful if resorting to ＂overt consent＂ to interprete the new relation of citizens and their state,while appealling to ＂implied consent＂seems to be more reasonable.According to the latter,we must make ＂voluntary＂ or ＂intentionality＂ a precondition of implied consent if we want to ensure the effectiveness of consent,but a new problem is,it is not the reality of the situation,for the reasons of people’s tacit consent to their government’s actions are sometimes ＂instrumental＂.