太阳的记忆--关于太阳三月十九日诞辰话语的知识考古

崇祯十七年(1644)甲申三月十九日,明思宗自缢身亡。东南沿海士民为了纪念他而创造了太阳三月十九日诞辰话语。明清易代后,三月十九日的象征意义由为君父报仇移转为“反清复明”。但是,当记忆的主体把对崇祯帝的纪念嫁接在太阳三月十九日诞辰话语之上后,三月十九日便开始了其历史记忆/忘却的旅程。从知识考古学的角度来看,三月十九日话语在丧失其公共性之后,仍然以个体记忆的方式存续于民间,及至20世纪初,由于反清排满的革命者把三月十九日置于民族一国家语境里加以叙述,使三月十九日获致了近代性意义,而民国后大量出现的三月十九日历史记忆/忘却的再生产则透显出政治意识形态对立的背影。

A Memory of the Sun--An Archeology of Knowledge of the Discourse of the Sun Birthday on the Nineteenth Day of the Third Lunar Month

On the 19th day of the third lunar month in 1644, Emperor Zongzheng of Ming Dynasty hung himself. People in the southeastern coastal area created a discourse of the Sun Birthday to commemorate him. After the establishment of Qing Dynasty, the symbolic meaning of "3. 19" changed from the revengement of the forefathers and monarchs to " the resistance of Qing Dynasty to restore Ming Dynasty" . When Emperor Zongzheng was put into the "3. 19" discourse as its subject matter, the date began its history of memory ( being remembered and forgotten) . From the vantage-point of the archeology of knowledge, the discourse, after its loss of national memory, existed long in the individual memory even up to the early 1900s. In the anti-Qing opposition of Manchu, the discourse was narrated in the context of a nation-state. As a result, it acquired its modern significance. Numerous discourses of this kind brought forth after the downfall of Qing Dynasty, however, are virtually the consequences of ideological conflicts.