《盐铁论》中两种对立的经济伦理观

《盐铁论》既充分展示了当时上层社会两种不同的治国思路,也相当集中地体现了当时两种对立的经济伦理观。在理解何为治国之本问题上,贤良、文学持道德决定论的观点,而大夫、御史则持经济决定论的观点;在对待如何发展经济的问题上,贤良、文学持崇本抑末、以农贬商的观点,大夫、御史则持以末易本、以商通有的主张;在对待国家财富的管理和分配问题上,贤良、文学持无政府主义的立场,而大夫、御史则持权威主义的立场。《盐铁论》开启了儒学内部的义利之争,因而在中国古代学术思想史上具有不可低估的重要地位。

Two Opposite Views on Economic Ethics in "On Salt and Iron"

"On Salt and Iron" not only fully manifests two different thoughts of administering a country deriving from the upper so ciety of the day,but focuses on reflecting two opposite views on economic ethics at that time.For instance,when it comes to the most important problem of what is the basis of administering a country,worthy persons and policy-making officials hold the view of morality deciding everything while senior administrative officials hold the view of economy deciding everything.On the problem of developing economy,worthy persons and policy-making officials take the view of devoting major efforts to developing agriculture instead of industry and commerce.Conversely,senior administrative officials have the opinion of intensively developing industry and commerce instead of agriculture.And on the problem of managing and distributing the country's wealth,worthy persons and policy-making officials stand by anarchism whereas senior administrative officials stand by authoritarianism,and so forth.To sum up,"On Salt and Iron" sparks a controversy over justice and interest in Confucianism,thus playing a very important part in the academic history of ancient China.