额尔古涅—昆传说的神话原型——蒙古、突厥语民族狼图腾神话传说探讨

额尔古涅—昆传说中的捏古思、乞颜两户是以狼和鹿为原型的图腾名称命名的两个氏族。因为,"捏古思"是蒙古语noqai(犬)的复数形态,在传说里是代指"狼"。犬和狼为同类,狼曾经是蒙古先民的图腾;传说中的乞颜或乞牙惕之名也是来自以鹿为原型的动物图腾名称。因此,该传说的神话原型为:在部落战争中,一部被另一部打败,惨遭屠杀,仅存两女。捏古思和乞牙惕两个动物救助此二女,携至额尔古涅—昆山谷中,双双交合,生息繁衍,故部族再生。该神话原型与古突厥语民族狼图腾神话、传说非常相似。

The Original Image in the Tale of Ergune-kun

Nukus and Kiyan are two families in the tale `Ergune-kun',which took the totems of "wolf" and "dear" as the name of their phratry.Nukus is the plural form of `noqai(dog)' in Mongolian language but it indicated "wolf" in the tale.Dog and wolf is in one category,and wolf was once the totem of Mongolian ancestor.Kiyan or Kiyat were both from the animal name that took dear as the totem.Therefore the original version of the tale should be:in the war between tribes,one tribe was beaten by another and the people of the former one were killed out but two girls left.The two animals `Nukus' and `Kiyat' saved the girls and took them to the Ergune-kun valley.There the two `couples' interacted and the girls gave birth.In this way,the tribe formed again.The original tale is quite similar to that in Turckeysh one who also took wolf as their totem.