生态林补偿制度研究——石光银案例经济分析

该文通过对陕西省定边县农民石光银承包国营长茂滩林场沙漠植树造林一事进行分折，提出目前迫切需要为生态林建设探索有效的新途径——生态林补偿制度。该文以生态林具备公共物品的特性为前提，运用经济学分析方法，论证了政府提供生态林的必要性和合理性，指出生态林不同于国防、公共安全等纯公共物品，其生产具有可分割性，且私人生产效率高于政府。政府可通过招标方式委托私人建设生态林，也可采购（征收、租赁）私人建设的生态林为社会提供生态安全服务。

An Institutional Study on the Ecological Forest Compensation: An Economic Analysis on Shi Guangyin's Case

nxi Province, who has contracted with Changmaotan State-owned Forest Farm to plant trees in the desert there. Shi Guangyin had planted trees on the 4,000 hectares desert contracted to run by him ever since 1984, and by 1997 the forest he made was valuated RMB 30 million by the related forestry departments. In 1998, the government reclassified the forest Shi made from commercial forest to ecological forest, making it difficult for Shi to draw money from the “green bank” he constructed. The country made and enacted a series of policies like the conversion of farmland to forest land, the conservation of natural forest, and the “Three North” protective forests, but none can solve Shi’s problem. Hence, it is absolutely necessary to explore a new way to compensate the benefits of ecological forest. The authors, out of the public goods characteristics of the ecological forest, using economic analytical approaches, testify the necessity and rationality of government’s provision of ecological forest, pointing out that, unlike such pure public goods as national defense and social security, the production of ecological forest is separable and more efficient produced privately than by government. The government can trust individuals to produce ecological forest, or procure (or lease) privately produced ecological forest to provide society with ecological safety service.