气候资源产权制度初探--基于公共池塘资源理论的分析

气候资源具有不同于其他自然资源的复杂特性，既不是纯粹的公共物品，也不同于纯粹的私人物品，具有“公共池塘资源”的典型特征。气候资源的合理开发利用与保护，首先要明确和建立气候资源产权制度，清晰界定国家、公民、法人和其他组织的所有权以及开发与利用、使用与收益等权利与义务的边界。公共池塘资源的混合产权表现为共有产权和私有产权在某一资源系统和单位中并存，治理公共池塘资源的关键在于建立起连接共有产权和私有产权的制度性桥梁。可持续发展理念下的气候资源产权制度设计需要体现公平与效率相统一的原则，充分发挥政府、市场和社会多方治理气候资源的力量，可以采取切合实际的混合产权形式。国家一方面应成为全民气候资源所有权的代理人，对气候资源履行保管和看护等职责；另一方面，对气候资源开发利用的私人行为和市场行为，承担必要的行政管理职能。

Study on the Climate Resources Property Right System Based on the Theory of Public Pool Resources

Different from the other natural resources, climate resource is complex, and has typical charac-teristic of Common-Pools resources. It is neither pure public goods, nor pure private goods. To develop, utilize and protect climate resource properly, we first need to define and establish climate resource property rights sys-tem, clearly define the borders of rights and obligations of the ownership of the state, citizens, legal persons and other organizations, development and utilization, as well as use and benefits. The performance of mixed ownership of Common-Pools resources is that both common property rights and private property rights exist in a particular resource system and unit. The key to manage Common-Pool resources is to establish an institutional bridge to connect common property rights and private property rights. The design of climate resources property rights system under the concept of sustainable development requires us to stick to the principle of fairness and efficiency, give full play to the power of the government, market and society in managing climate resources, and take a form of mixed property rights that is suitable to actual circumstances. On one hand, the country should become the agent of the climate resources property rights to perform responsibilities of custody and care to climate resources, on the other hand, undertake necessary administrative functions to the private behavior and market behavior in the development and utilization of climate resources.