行政主体义务设定的失衡及价值选择

行政主体义务设定是指行政主体在行政执法的过程中为相对一方当事人确定禁止规则或强加负担的行为 ,它是行政权的延伸。与其它类型的行政权行使一样 ,义务设定必须符合法定条件 ,同时又要符合行政合理原则 ,这也是行政法治、依法行政的要求。然而 ,行政法治实践中行政主体义务设定的失衡现象非常普遍 ,如对程序负责不对实体负责的失衡 ,以经济利益为重而以社会利益为轻的失衡等。因此 ,必须探讨义务设定中的合理价值选择 ,即有利于建立法律秩序、有利于实现公民权、有利于行政管理过程有效实现、充分体现行政伦理准则等四个方面的价值选择。

The Imbalanced Creation of Obligations for the Subjects of Administration and its Value Options

The creation of obligations for the subjects of administration refers to the acts of determining prohibitive rules or imposing burdens for the relevant party in the enforcement of administrative law. It is an extension of the administrative power. Compared with other types of enforcement of administrative power, creation of obligations must not only conform to legal requirements but also abide by the rationality rule of administration, as required by the rule of administrative law and government by the rule of law. However, it is quire common for the phenomena of imbalanced creation of obligations for the subjects of administration in the practices of the rule of administrative law, i.e. the imbalance of procedural accountability instead of substantive accountability, the imbalance of economic interests orientation instead of social interests orientation, etc. Therefore, we must explore the rational value options in the creation of obligations, i.e. the four value options of benefit for the establishment of a legal order, the realization of citizens' rights, effective realization of the administrative processes, and adequate embodiment of administrative ethics, etc.