美国进步时代经济—社会转型与国家治理体制改革

19世纪末20世纪初,美国开始进入急剧的经济—社会转型期,工业化、城市化改变了原有的生产模式和社会结构。公司霸权、政治腐败、贫富分化导致了转型期的种种治理危机。美国进步时代政府治理体制改革是在市场—国家—社会三维结构下展开的,国家是唯一能够平衡和控制社会与市场之间张力的要素。但是国家能力的获得并非必然。根据进步时代改革的经验,加强转型期国家能力建设有两个途径,首先要保证官僚机构的廉洁,防止政府受到利益集团的俘获,保证国家的自主性;其次,针对转型国家容易出现制度真空的情况,国家可以在法律的框架里,增加制度供给,提高国家执行法律的能力。

The Economic-Social Transformation and State Governance Reform in American Progressive Era

Progressive Era is tagged as the first economic-social transformation period in the United States owing to the quick industrialization and urbanization from the 1890s to the 1910s.Not only did the monopoly capitalists try to preserve their shares in the market,but they also coveted to dominate the political and social spheres.The state was captured by the monopoly capitalists,thus causing the government to have no necessary autonomy and state capacity to deal with governance crisis.In order to restore the governability and authority,the government should strengthen its position in the balance among trinity of ＂Market-State-Society（MSS）＂,and furthermore control the strain between market and society.Concerning the means to enhance state capacity,the state should first of all,assure a clean bureaucracy to avoid government＇s being controlled by interest groups so as to guarantee the state＇s autonomy.Secondly,the state should try to enhance its capacity to implement laws and policies by increasing institution supply to counteract the system vacuum within the country in transitional period.