《老子》道论的哲学思维模式

《老子》的道论哲学兼有本原论和本体论双重思维方式 ,还体现着中国哲学特有的“体用一原”认知方式。作为中国哲学史上第一位伟大的哲学家 ,老子一方面尚未完全摆脱上古宗教神话意识的影响 ,他需要从理论上寻求一种“最古老”、“最神圣”的“母性”存在 ,导致了他的道论包含了本原论的内容 ;同时 ,老子时代已经发展出来的理性主义传统和他本人那超越常人的智慧又将他的哲学带入了高度抽象的理性世界 ,使得他的道论具备了本体论的特征。老子的哲学又是以人生实践为最终目标的 ,这使得他的形而上的道必须落实到具体的人生和政治道路之上 ,因而他的道论打上道德一体、体用不二的烙印。老子哲学毕竟是直观的、自发的 ,他的道是顿悟式的 ,这一超验的哲学范畴带有极大的模糊性、不确定性 ,但对于已经习惯于用概念和逻辑把握世界的现代人来说 ,则不得不用清晰的概念与逻辑去接近老子那终极性的“道”。

On Laozi's Thinking Mode in His Theory of Dao

Two kinds of thinking ways can be found in Laozi's theory of Dao according to modern western philosophy. Laozi's cosmism was greatly influenced by the earlier mythological consciousness and his ontology was an embodiment of the highly-developed rationalism in his time. Also, in Laozi's theory of Dao the nondisjunction of essence and it's phenomena can be found as a special thinking mode in ancient Chinese philosophy. It can not be denied that the philosophy of Laozi is intuitionistic and unmediated, and people in modern times have to apply concept and logic to understand the ultimate concept of Dao.