疑问特征及一般疑问句的生成机制

疑问是人类语言的基本范畴之一,也是语言研究的热点之一。与英语疑问句的整齐划一相比,汉语的疑问句显得形式各异。两者之间的差异是由两种语言疑问特征的强弱参数不同造成的。汉语中的句调问、是非问、正反问和"可VP"问是弱势疑问特征在不同的句法位置采用不同的句法操作手段实例化形成的表面现象,四者虽然有不同的形式,但有相同的本质,可以推导出来。通过一般疑问句生成机制的研究,可以重新梳理汉语疑问句的亲疏关系,将特指问和选择问归为词汇特征疑问句,将是非问等四类归为句法特征疑问句;并且可以解决诸如"可VP"问的性质、"呢"的属性等有争议的问题。

The Interrogative Feature and the Generative Mechanism of Interrogative Sentences

Interrogative is one of the basic categories of human language,one of the hot issues in language research.In contrast with English interrogative sentences,Chinese ones are more varied in form.We believe the differences come from the difference in the parameter of interrogative feature.Voice questions,yes-no questions,positive-and-negative questions and "ke(可)+VP" questions are pheno-mena revealing a weak feature which uses different syntactic operations in different syntactic positions.These four forms are essentially the same in nature.The relationship of the interrogative sentences in Chinese will be analyzed afresh from the study of the generative mechanism of general questions."Wh-questions" and choice questions can be classified as lexical interrogatives,while the other four can be classified as syntactic interrogatives.Contentious issues like the characteristics of "ke(可)+VP" questions and "ne(呢)" will be solved.