心理与心态--论西方心理历史学两大主要流派

心理历史学是现当代西方史学领域的新兴学科,依据其源流发展、理论方法及传播地域分别形成了两大主要流派--心理史学与心态史学.心理史学以弗洛伊德精神分析学说为理论基础,以美国为中心;心态史学则由法国年鉴学派开创并倡导,以集体精神状态为对象.两者之间相互交叉又有区别,理论和方法上各有缺陷但又互为补充.

"Psycho-"and "Mentality"--Two Main Sects of Western Psycho-History

Psycho-history is a new discipline in modern and contemporary Western historiography. It consists of two main parts, namely psychohistory and history of mentality, according to their source of development, theoretical approach and distribution area. Psycho-history, which is mainly prevalent in the U. S. A., is based theoretically on Freud' s psychoanalysis, while the history of mentality, which is initiated and advocated by the French annales school takes collective mentality as the object of research. While there exist overlapping and differences between the two as well as theoretical and methodological deficiencies, they complement each other.