慈善捐赠法律关系基本类型及捐赠人法律地位

慈善捐赠法律关系有三种基本类型,即慈善捐赠合同、慈善信托与慈善组织设立。三者各有理论基础,表现形式也有很大的差异,但就其内容——当事人的权利义务而言,却又大同小异。就其社会作用、社会效果而言,则可谓殊途同归,均是为了保障慈善捐赠人的财产所有权的顺利转移以及慈善目的的实现。这三种典型的慈善捐赠法律关系犹如三大支柱,稳固了慈善捐赠的典型形式,并将慈善捐赠法律关系的参与者的权利义务关系固定了下来。就慈善捐赠人的法律地位来说,他们不外乎是赠与合同中的赠与人、慈善信托关系中的委托人以及慈善组织设立法律关系中的出资人。

The Basic Types of Legal Relationship of Charitable Donation and the Legal Status of the Donor

There are three basic types of legal relationship of charitable donation, namely： charitable gift contract, charitable trust and charitable organization’s establishment. There are big differences between their theoretical basis, but their content-the parties’ rights and obligations are similar. As for their social role and social effects, the same thing can be said that they are in order to protect smooth transfer of charitable property ownership and the realization of charitable purposes. These three types of legal relationships of charitable donation like three pillars, reinforce the typical form of charitable donation, and fix the rights and obligations of participants in the relationship. As to the legal status of donor, they are nothing more than a donor of a gift contract, a settlor or testator of a charitable trust or an investor of a charitable organization.