纪实传真 重史轻文——论胡适的传记文学观

胡适是现代首先提出“传纪文学”概念、积极从事相关研究的现代传记文学理论的奠基者；也是最早从事现代传记文学写作，躬身践行其理论主张，自成一家的创作者；更是终生不懈、卓有成效的现代传记文学倡导者，在现代传记文学开创、发展上，有着独到的贡献。胡适以西方传记文学为参照，批评中国传统传记；以史鉴和教化的经世致用目的，倡导以“纪实传真”为核心的现代传记文学。作为开创者，胡适的传记文学主张与实践不可避免地存在一定的偏颇疏漏，如源于史传传统、功利目的、学术思想的重史轻文的偏向；对中国传统传记文学评价上的武断片面。因此时下不少论者认为胡适的传记文学主张片面肤浅，许多已为后人超越。然而在胡适所处的时代，这一切都富有创造和挑战性。对一个开风气的人，不能苛求。何况胡适对中外传记文学有较深入的了解和比较研究，创作上有自己独到的风格特色。时至今日，他的理论主张与传记作品不仅有史料价值，而且依然具有很强的生命力。历史地陈述和解释胡适的现代传记文学主张与实践，是当下传记文学研究与创作必不可少的一步。

Biography of Record of Actual Events That Stressed History and Ignored Literature--On Hu Shi's Viewpoint about Biography

Hu Shi is the founder who actively went in for contemporary biographic literature theory.It's Hu Shi who firstly put forward the concept of "biographic literature" and was engaged in writing biography by putting his theory into practice as an only literary school.He is also the initiator of contemporary biographic literature who woked hard it all his life and made original contribution to its development.Hu Shi criticized the traditional biography of China as compared with the West biographic literature and...