古蜀汶山考

"汶山"对于古蜀文化研究,不但是一个重要地名,也是一个重要的疆域。该地域无不与蚕丛、柏灌、鱼凫、杜宇、开明数代古蜀王朝紧密联系在一起。汶山是"三星堆"青铜器的铜资源的重要开采和冶炼地之一,也是黄金、玉石等原料产地,对于当时的政治和经济具有重要的战略意义。因此,在相关历史材料中都提及到了汶山,如《蜀王本纪》中描写到的"望帝(杜宇)治汶山下邑,曰郫化",其汶山指的是哪里?所提及的"郫化"又在哪里?等等这些问题的探寻都将为古蜀历史的研究提供重要的线索。经作者对龙门山的岷江流域、湔江、石亭江和北川湔江流域多年实地调查和相关史料查阅,从2006年至今,虽然中间经历了2008年"5·12"汶川地震,山河改变、人文失常,灾后重建彻底改变了当地传统文化的格局,但作者对"望帝治汶山下邑"的汶山,有了一定的区域概念,即:东临成都平原,西以岷江河谷和北临北川湔(戬jiǎn)江河谷,北起北川县曲山镇(涪江上游),南至都江堰宝瓶口和关口。

Textual Research on Wenshan of the Ancient Shu

For the research of the ancient Shu culture, “Wenshan” is not only an important place name, but also an important territory, which is deeply associated with the legends about Kings of Can Cong, Bo Guan, Yu Fu, Du Yu and various enlightened dynasties of the ancient Shu. Wenshan, as one of the important mining and smelting sites of copper resources for various bronze wares unearthed from the Sanxingdui relics as well as the pro- duction place of other raw materials like gold, jade, etc. , had important strategic significance either politically or economically. Therefore, “＇ Wenshan” are frequently referred to in the relevant historical materials, such as Shu Wang Ben Ji, which reads, “Emperor Wang （Du Yu） put Wenshan under his rule and called it Pihua. ” Howev- er, where is Wenshan？ And still where is “Pihua”？ Answers to these questions will provide important clues for the research of the history of the ancient Shu. Despite great geomorphologic changes and serious destroy of historical materials caused by the “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and the pattern of local traditional culture complete- ly changed in the post - disaster reconstruction, the authors, based on years of the field surveys and relevant textual researches since 2006 on Minjiang River Basin, Jianjiang River, Shitingjiang River in Longmenshan Mountains and Jianjiang River Basin in Beichuan County, have approached to a concept of the location and coverage of Wenshan; namely, it was located east to Chengdu Plain, west to the Minjiang River Valley and Jianjiang River Basin in Bei- chuan County, north to Qushan Township （ at the Fujiang upstream） of Beichuan County , and south to Baopingkou and Guankou in Dujiangyan City.