清中叶两淮私盐及其个案分析

微观研究表明,有清一代,两淮私盐在不同历史时期往往表现出不同的特点。以清政府从强盛走向没落的清中叶为例,从乾隆、嘉庆至道光年间的一百多年时间里,两淮私盐经历了一个循序渐进的发展过程。从时间上看,如果我们把这三个历史阶段作为一个整体来看待,那么私盐的发展脉络基本上可以概括为三步走：即乾隆年间私盐的起步、嘉庆年间私盐的发展与道光年间私盐的泛滥成灾。清中叶两淮私盐这种递进式的发展过程,众多的私盐个案给了我们清晰的印证。

Case Study of the Illegal Salt in Lianghuai in the Middle Period of the Qing Dynasty

The micro-examination indicated that the illegal salt in Lianghuai often displayed different characteristics in different historical periods in the Qing Dynasty. Taking the middle period of the Qing Dynasty when the Qing government declined from a strong nation for example, in more than 100 years from Qianlong, Jiaqing to Daoguang period, the illegal salt in Lianghuai experienced a developing process step by step. If we regard these three historical periods as a whole, the development of the illegal salt may basically be summarized as three steps： the beginning of Qianlong period, the development of Jiaqing period and the overrun of Daoguang period. Many cases proved this kind of developing process of the illegal salt in Lianghuai in the middle period of the Qing Dynasty.