新进口产品质量与企业创新

为了研究新进口产品质量对中国经济和中国企业创新的影响，利用2005～2013年的中国海关数据库，从新进口产品和现有进口产品的角度出发，分别测算了这两类产品的进口质量，分析了其变化趋势。基于2005～2007年中国海关数据库和中国工业企业数据库匹配数据，构建了新进口产品质量影响企业创新的回归方程，实证分析了前者对于后者的影响，探讨其影响机制，并研究了企业异质性条件下的相关影响。研究认为:新进口产品质量在总体上高于现有进口产品，且质量增长率高于现有进口产品；无论是按照中间品、资本品和消费品分类，还是按照进口来源国是否是OECD国家分类，这个结论都成立；新进口产品质量提升对企业创新具有显著促进作用，而现有进口产品质量对企业创新的影响不显著，新进口产品质量可以通过刺激企业的研发投入来影响企业的新产品创新；新进口产品质量对各类企业均具有显著的影响，但对其中的出口企业、东部企业、大规模企业、以及外资企业具有更强的促进作用。研究表明，企业可以通过进口高质量的新产品来学习吸收国外先进技术，政府可以继续实行积极的贸易政策，鼓励企业在进口中学习，驱动中国的自主创新与技术进步。

Quality of newly imported products and business innovation

In order to study the influence of the quality of newly imported products on China’s economy and the innovation of Chinese businesses, this paper measures and calculates the quality of the newly imported products and the existing imported products using the data from the Customs database in 2005 to 2013, and analyzes their change trends. Based on the Customs database and the matching data in China Industry Business Performance Data from 2005 to 2007, this paper constructs the regression equation of the influence of the quality of newly imported products on business innovation, empirically analyzes the influence, explores its mechanism and studies the relevant impacts under the condition of enterprise heterogeneity. The results show that the quality of newly imported products is in general higher than that of existing imported products with a higher growth rate. This conclusion holds no matter the products are classified as intermediate goods, capital goods or consumer goods, or whether the imports come from OECD countries or not. The improvement in the quality of newly imported products has a prominent promoting effect on business innovation, while the effect of the existing imported products on business innovation is not that significant. The quality of newly imported products can affect the new product innovation of businesses by stimulating their R&D input. The quality of newly imported products distinctly affects all types of businesses, but especially the export businesses, businesses in the East China, large scale businesses and foreign invested businesses in a positive way. Businesses can learn and absorb foreign advanced technology by importing high quality new products. The government can continue to implement active trade policies, encourage businesses to gain experience in the import, and drive the independent innovation and technological advances in China.