扬弃悖论命题的方法和标准

要合理解决悖论,首先要区别思想中三种不同的逻辑否定词:同指否定词并非();异指否定词非(′);兼指否定词不只是()。其次,要区分思想中四种不同矛盾命题:逻辑矛盾命题;辩证矛盾命题;怪论矛盾命题;悖论矛盾命题。它们具有辩证矛盾命题的语义内容,却具有逻辑矛盾命题的语法表达形式。再次,要有令人满意的解决悖论的标准。罗素指出的解决悖论的三个必要条件,可作为令人满意解决悖论的共同标准。近百年来解决悖论诸种方案可分为(1)特设性排除悖论方案;(2)特设性容纳悖论方案;(3)非特设性扬弃悖论方案三大类。按罗素提出的三个标准,解决悖论方案(1)和(2)是不能令人满意的,(3)是令人满意的。

Measures and Criteria for the Solution of Paradox Propositions

To solve paradoxes reasonably and satisfactorily,we need first differentiate three logic negations in thought: negations that negate the same objects that the positives refer to resulting in objects with opposite properties();negations that result;negations that refer to some supplementary properties of the same objects the positives refer to.Secondly,we need to differentiate four contradiction propositions in thought: logical contradiction propositions,dialectical contradiction propositions,logical-but-counter-intuitive contradiction propositions,and paradox contradictory propositions.Furthermore,we need to have widely accepted criteria for the satisfactory solution of paradoxes.We may use the three necessary contradictions proposed by Russell as the common criteria for the satisfactory solution of paradoxes.In the past one hundred years,proposed paradox solutions fall into three categories,(1) specifically constructed exclusion solutions;(2) specifically constructed inclusive solutions;and(3) non-specifically constructed sublate solutions.According to the standard of Russell,neither(1) nor(2) is satisfactory,and only(3) is.