农地制度改革:农民自主选择的“土地换保障方案”

农地作为生产要素功能的发挥,要求必须剥离农地的社会保障功能;而农地目前所承担的社会保障功能,要求农民在失去农地时获得作为补偿的某种生活保障。这就要求农民能够将农地置换为社会保障。考虑到中央政府和地方政府之间的委托—代理问题,应赋予农民自主交易农地的权利,政府在交易中提取社会保障金为农民建立社会保障账户,以同时解决农地经营效益提高问题和农民的社会保障问题。

The Reformation of Agricultural Land Institution: A Reformation Scheme of "Exchange of Land for Security"

To use the agricultural land efficiently as a productive factor,the function of social security should be peeled off from the land. On the other hand,the farmers should get guarantee of compensation for a living when they lose their land that has social security function.So the farmers need exchange their land for social security.Considering the client-agent problem in the central and local governments,the present paper proposes a scheme,which gives the farmers the right of transacting land freely,and gives the government the right of imposing a social security tax in the transaction,in order to solve the problem of the land's low efficiency and that of the farmers' social security at the same time.