禽流感疫情管理中的问题与挑战：一项基于家禽风险管理的实证研究*

以往的疫情报告表明,小规模养殖方式的存在是导致疫情爆发的主要根源。如何对小规模养殖方式实施监督是重建整个疫情规训设置的重中之重。然而,调查表明,现有疫情规训机制是基于现代养殖场的风险管理模式建立的,不论“知识-权力”设置,还是管理技术都难以对小规模养殖方式和散养方式实施有效监管。而且,在整个乡村,盛行着工业化养殖文化（现代养殖文化）和有机养殖文化（传统养殖文化）的话语权之争。因此,为了应对碎片化风险管理现状,不仅需要进一步完善现有的“知识-权力”设置,而且需要重新定义工业化养殖文化,以克服现有“混杂性”小规模养殖方式的诟病,真正建立有效的疫情管理机制。

The Issues and Challenges of Bird flu Epidemic Management: An Empirical Study based on Poultry Risk Management

Previous reports of bird flu epidemic outbreak suggest that the presence of small-scale poultry farming is the main cause of bird flu outbreak. It is very important to supervise the small-scale poultry farming in order to rebuild the entire epidemic disciplinary mechanism. However, the survey shows that because the existing disciplinary mechanism is based on modern farms, both of the "knowledge - power" setting and management techniques are unable to implement effective regulation on small-scale poultry farming and backyard farming. Moreover, throughout the rural community, there is a discourse dispute between industrialized farming cultures (modern farming culture) and organic farming culture (traditional farming culture). Therefore, in order to deal with the fragmentation situation of risk management, not only will the existing "knowledge - power" setting be improved, but also the industrialized farming culture would be redefined to overcome the problems of the existing "hybrid" small-scale farming and establish the effective epidemic management mechanism.