葛洪--由儒向道的心理历程

<抱朴子>内篇和外篇,表达了双重人格的精神世界.通过其中<自叙>,可以找出儒家立场的破绽怎样导向道教世界观的心灵轨迹.葛洪三次入仕都以失意告终.虽然弃仕入山,功利成就才是葛洪的基本动机.儒之名义原是文饰;道之隐逸原是补偿.政治变数越大,入仕回报越不稳定.不能"外王",即修"内圣".具有心理依托功能的丹道,为众多被体制排斥的绝望者留下安慰之途.

Ge Hong--A Shift from Confucianism to Taoism

In Baopuzi,Ge Hong shows his split personality.In the chapter Autobiography,we can find on the spirit track that leads him form the default of Confucianism to the Taoist worldview. Ge Hong fails all three times in his official career.Although he gives up his official status and becomes an anchorite in a mountain,utility is still the essential motive of such transformation.The name of a Confucian is just glozing, and the retire of Taoist is only compensating.The more variable is politics,the less stable is the reward from an official status. If one can not get achievement in the outer world,then he will choose to cultivate his morality.With its psychological supporting,the cultivation of the classic alchemical Taoist is a consolation to the despaired men who are rejected by the system.